Dr. Bruno Lefebvre received his Ph.D. from the University of Lille-France on the study of the ligand binding site of the human retinoic acid receptor, alpha, and on the characterization of receptor-selective compounds. Thereafter, he completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, a branch of the National Institute of Health. With the NIH, he studied the effect of chromatin organization on retinoid responsive genes. Afterward, he returned to France. There, he has been working with the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) in Lille since January 2002. Since 2007, he has focused on the Chicago Diabetes Project. Currently, his research interests include the PPARα (Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha) pathway in adipose tissues and selective modulators, particularly SPPARMs (Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulators ). He also studies retinoid resistance in cancer cells. Using pharmacological drugs, he elucidates the specific signaling pathways that PPARs use to regulate the expression of genes. When these genes are transcribed, they code for proteins that are involved with a variety of metabolic processes.